How to Read a Z Score on a Bone Density Test

Z-Score For Os Mineral Density: What Information technology Is & Ranges

Knowing your Z-score can assistance you compare your own bone mineral density (BMD) to those of a salubrious person of the same age and body size as yous, and help predict your risk of os fractures or osteoporosis. Keep reading to larn about low and high BMD Z-scores, likewise as ways to increase it.

What is a Z-Score?

Your Z-score is a comparing of your individual bone mineral density (BMD) to what is expected for a person of the aforementioned age and sex. The Z-score represents how far off your score is (measured in the number of standard deviations) from the average score of healthy people of like historic period, ethnicity, and gender [1, two].

Z-score differs from T-score, which compares your BDM to that of a healthy young adult [i, 2].

Normal Range of Z-Score

A normal BMD Z-score ranges from -2.5 to 2.five [3, four].

A normal Z-score ways that you lot accept a similar BMD to other healthy people in your age group. A lower Z-score means your BMD is lower and a higher Z-score means it's higher.

Low Z-Score Causes/Associations

A low Z-score is associated with secondary osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is when basic become weak and brittle, resulting in a higher take a chance of os fractures [five, 6].

Dissimilar master osteoporosis which is age-related and has unknown causes, secondary osteoporosis is not age-related and results from a specific health disorder or disorders [half-dozen].

Causes shown hither are associated with lower BMD and Z-scores. Work with your md or another health care professional to go an accurate diagnosis.

Remember, a Z-score tin can't be used to diagnose osteoporosis. Your doctor will interpret your Z-score, taking into account your medical history, symptoms, and other test results (such as the T-score).

1) Alcoholism

Alcohol abuse can decrease bone density.

In a written report of 105 people, alcoholics had lower Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Z-scores than not-alcoholics. Increased alcohol consumption can besides pb to osteoporosis [7].

2) Malnutrition

If you don't become enough vitamins and minerals in your nutrition, your bones can go weak. Protein and vitamin D deficiency are two common causes of osteoporosis. People with malnutrition generally accept lower bone mineral density than people who get enough nutrients from their diet [8, 9, ten].

Scientists accept establish that women with anorexia take lower BMD, impaired bone metabolism, and low BMD Z-scores. Even after patients proceeds weight, they can still have bone density deficits [11].

3) Celiac Affliction

People who have celiac disease take an increased risk of low BMD. In 1 report, newly diagnosed celiac illness patients had a significantly low Z-score. The report suggests that BMD improves with a gluten-gratuitous diet [12].

iv) Inflammatory Bowel Affliction ( IBD )

People with IBD, especially Crohn's illness, can have depression BMD and bone loss. Both those with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease may have a lower BMD Z-score [thirteen, xiv].

5) Diabetes

Researchers found that type 2 diabetics tend to have lower os mineral density compared to healthy people. Diabetic medications tin can also reduce BMD. In one written report, 67 diabetics had lower BMD Z-scores compared to good for you people [xv].

half-dozen) Liver Affliction

According to enquiry, people who have chronic liver disease and liver scarring (cirrhosis) patients have lower BMD and Z-scores [16].

vii) Thyroid Weather condition

Both hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid glands) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid glands) accept been associated with osteoporosis and increased os fracture risk. People with toxic goiters (which somewhen leads to hyperthyroidism) have depression BMD Z-scores [17, 18].

eight) Hyperparathyroidism

Overproduction of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism) increases bone fracture take a chance [xix].

9) Premature Ovarian Failure

Premature ovarian failure, or main ovarian insufficiency (POI), is the loss of ovarian function before the historic period of forty. Women with POI have significantly lower BMD and Z-scores than healthy women [20].

10) Cushing Syndrome

Cushing syndrome is a disorder that occurs when the trunk is exposed to too much cortisol. Loftier cortisol levels can trigger bone loss, resulting in a lower Z-score [21].

xi) Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a cause of secondary osteoporosis; patients have lower BMD and BMD Z-scores compared to healthy people. Scientists have found that later treatment for myeloma, their BMD dramatically increases [22].

12) Drugs

The post-obit drugs tin can cause secondary osteoporosis and are associated with low BMD Z-scores [5, 17, 23]:

• Steroids (glucocorticoids – they have an effect similar to cortisol)
• Antiepileptic drugs
• Antidepressants
• Proton pump inhibitors
• Anticoagulants (blood thinners)

Means to Increase Your Z-Score

The well-nigh important thing is to work with your doctor to detect out what'southward causing your depression Z-score and to treat any underlying conditions. The additional lifestyle changes listed beneath are other things you may desire to talk over with your doctor. None of these strategies should always exist done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes!

Diet

Eating more fruit and vegetables can assistance improve your bone health. In two studies (n=926, n=3089), fruit and vegetable intake was associated with increased BMD and Z-score. Elderly people who ate veggies also had a reduced run a risk of osteoporosis [24, 25].

Get more than calcium, which is essential for healthy bones. In a study of 4,797 adults, milk consumption was associated with higher BMD and Z-score [26].

Get plenty poly peptide, just not too much. Poly peptide is required for healthy bones, but as your torso digests protein, information technology releases acids into the bloodstream, which the torso neutralizes by drawing calcium from the bones. Over time, this can result in weaker bones [27].

Limit your caffeine intake. Drinking a lot of java (nearly four or more than cups per day) can increase the chance of bone fracture. Caffeine promotes calcium excretion in the urine, which negatively impacts your calcium balance [28, 29].

Lifestyle Changes

Don't get overboard with alcohol. In a study of 105 people, booze consumption was associated with bone loss, bone breakdown, and low BMD Z-scores. When these people stopped drinking alcohol, vitamin D and osteocalcin levels increased, indicating an increase in bone mass and BMD [7].

Supplements

Talk over the following supplements with your doctor. Studies suggest they can be beneficial for os wellness:

• Calcium [xxx, 31, 32, 33, 34]
• Vitamin D [32, 35, ix, 34]
• Strontium [36, 37, 38]
• Vitamin K2 [39, twoscore, 41, 42]
• Fish oil/omega-3 [43, 44, 45]
• Black Tea [46, 47, 48]
• Fluoride [49, 50, 51]
• Magnesium [52, 53]
• Soy [54, 55]
• Zinc [56, 57]

Loftier Z-Scores

A high BMD Z-score indicates that y'all have a high os mineral density. A high BMD is not necessarily salubrious. BMD may exist elevated in certain medical conditions [4].

Causes of Loftier Z-Scores

Causes listed below are associated with higher BMD and Z-scores. Work with your doctor or some other health care professional to go an accurate diagnosis.

The following conditions outcome in a high BMD [4]:

• Fractured vertebrae
• Spondylosis (spinal disc degeneration)
• Ankylosing spondylitis (an inflammatory illness that affects the spine and large joints)
• Paget'southward illness (a bone disorder that disrupts the replacement of onetime os tissue with new os tissue)
• Myelofibrosis (bone marrow disorder)
• Acromegaly (overproduction of growth hormones)
• Renal osteodystrophy (a affliction with abnormal levels of calcium and phosphorus
• in the kidneys)
• Fluorosis (white lines or streaks on the teeth acquired by overexposure to fluoride)
• Sclerosteosis (a genetic disorder that causes bone overgrowth)
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (hardening of ligaments in areas that attach to the spine)
• Tuberous sclerosis (the growth of many non-cancerous tumors in the skin, brain, lungs, heart, and other organs)
• Tumors

Information technology's important to piece of work with your doctor to notice out what's causing your high Z-score and to care for whatever underlying conditions!

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